HomeAmazonAWS Certified Database – Specialty (DBS-C01) Exam Introduction

April 25, 2023

AWS Certified Database – Specialty (DBS-C01) Exam Introduction

The AWS Certified Database – Specialty (DBS-C01) exam is designed for database practitioners who have at least two years of hands-on experience with AWS database services and solutions. The exam is a multiple-choice and multiple-answer test that lasts 180 minutes. You can take the exam online or at a testing center. The exam fee is $300 USD. You need to score at least 750 out of 1000 to pass the exam. It is intended for individuals who perform a database-focused role. This exam validates your comprehensive understanding of databases, including the concepts of design, migration, deployment, access, maintenance, automation, monitoring, security, and troubleshooting.

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1. A database specialist needs to delete user data and sensor data 1 year after it was loaded in an Amazon DynamoDB table. TTL is enabled on one of the attributes. The database specialist monitors TTL rates on the Amazon CloudWatch metrics for the table and observes that items are not being deleted as expected.

What is the MOST likely reason that the items are not being deleted?

The TTL attribute's value is set as a Number data type.

The TTL attribute's value is set as a Binary data type.

The TTL attribute's value is a timestamp in the Unix epoch time format in seconds.

The TTL attribute's value is set with an expiration of 1 year.

2. A financial organization must ensure that the most current 90 days of MySQL database backups are accessible. Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instances are used to host all MySQL databases. A database expert must create a solution that satisfies the criteria for backup retention with the least amount of development work feasible.

Which strategy should the database administrator take?

Use AWS Backup to build a backup plan for the required retention period. Assign the DB instances to the backup plan.

Modify the DB instances to enable the automated backup option. Select the required backup retention period.

Automate a daily cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance to create MySQL dumps, transfer to Amazon S3, and implement an S3 Lifecycle policy to meet the retention requirement.

Use AWS Lambda to schedule a daily manual snapshot of the DB instances. Delete snapshots that exceed the retention requirement.

3. A business that specializes in internet advertising is developing an application that will show adverts to its customers. The program stores data in an Amazon DynamoDB database. Additionally, the application caches its reads using a DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. The majority of reads come via the GetItem and BatchGetItem queries. The application does not need consistency of readings.

The application cache does not behave as intended after deployment. Specific extremely consistent queries to the DAX cluster are responding in several milliseconds rather than microseconds.

How can the business optimize cache behavior in order to boost application performance?

Increase the size of the DAX cluster.

Configure DAX to be an item cache with no query cache

Use eventually consistent reads instead of strongly consistent reads.

Create a new DAX cluster with a higher TTL for the item cache.

4. A business need a data warehouse system that stores data consistently and in a highly organized fashion. The organization demands rapid response times for end-user inquiries including current-year data, and users must have access to the whole 15-year dataset when necessary. Additionally, this solution must be able to manage a variable volume of incoming inquiries. Costs associated with storing the 100 TB of data must be maintained to a minimum.

Which solution satisfies these criteria?

Leverage an Amazon Redshift data warehouse solution using a dense storage instance type while keeping all the data on local Amazon Redshift storage. Provision enough instances to support high demand.

Leverage an Amazon Redshift data warehouse solution using a dense storage instance to store the most recent data. Keep historical data on Amazon S3 and access it using the Amazon Redshift Spectrum layer. Provision enough instances to support high demand.

5. A company is releasing a new mobile game featuring a team play mode. As a group of mobile device users play together, an item containing their statuses is updated in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Periodically, the other users’ devices read the latest statuses of their teammates from the table using the BatchGetltemn operation.

Prior to launch, some testers submitted bug reports claiming that the status data they were seeing in the game was not up-to-date. The developers are unable to replicate this issue and have asked a database specialist for a recommendation.

Which recommendation would resolve this issue?

Ensure the DynamoDB table is configured to be always consistent.

Ensure the BatchGetltem operation is called with the ConsistentRead parameter set to false.

Enable a stream on the DynamoDB table and subscribe each device to the stream to ensure all devices receive up-to-date status information.

Ensure the BatchGetltem operation is called with the ConsistentRead parameter set to true.

6. A gaming company wants to deploy a game in multiple Regions. The company plans to save local high scores in Amazon DynamoDB tables in each Region. A Database Specialist needs to design a solution to automate the deployment of the database with identical configurations in additional Regions, as needed. The solution should also automate configuration changes across all Regions.

Which solution would meet these requirements and deploy the DynamoDB tables?

Create an AWS CLI command to deploy the DynamoDB table to all the Regions and save it for future deployments.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template and deploy the template to all the Regions.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template and use a stack set to deploy the template to all the Regions.

Create DynamoDB tables using the AWS Management Console in all the Regions and create a step-by- step guide for future deployments.

7. A database specialist deployed an Amazon RDS DB instance in Dev-VPC1 used by their development team. Dev-VPC1 has a peering connection with Dev-VPC2 that belongs to a different development team in the same department. The networking team confirmed that the routing between VPCs is correct; however, the database engineers in Dev-VPC2 are getting a timeout connections error when trying to connect to the database in Dev- VPC1.

What is likely causing the timeouts?

The database is deployed in a VPC that is in a different Region.

The database is deployed in a VPC that is in a different Availability Zone.

The database is deployed with misconfigured security groups.

The database is deployed with the wrong client connect timeout configuration.

8. A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL to redesign its business application. A Database Specialist has noticed that the Development team is restoring their MySQL database multiple times a day when Developers make mistakes in their schema updates.

The Developers sometimes need to wait hours to the restores to complete.

Multiple team members are working on the project, making it difficult to find the correct restore point for each mistake.

Which approach should the Database Specialist take to reduce downtime?

Deploy multiple read replicas and have the team members make changes to separate replica instances

Migrate to Amazon RDS for SQL Server, take a snapshot, and restore from the snapshot

Migrate to Amazon Aurora MySQL and enable the Aurora Backtrack feature

Enable the Amazon RDS for MySQL Backtrack feature

9. A database specialist manages a critical Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for a company. The data stored daily could vary from .01% to 10% of the current database size. The database specialist needs to ensure that the DB instance storage grows as needed.

What is the MOST operationally efficient and cost-effective solution?

Configure RDS Storage Auto Scaling.

Configure RDS instance Auto Scaling.

Modify the DB instance allocated storage to meet the forecasted requirements.

Monitor the Amazon CloudWatch FreeStorageSpace metric daily and add storage as required.

10. A vehicle insurance company needs to choose a highly available database to track vehicle owners and their insurance details. The persisted data should be immutable in the database, including the complete and sequenced history of changes over time with all the owners and insurance transfer details for a vehicle.

The data should be easily verifiable for the data lineage of an insurance claim.

Which approach meets these requirements with MINIMAL effort?

Create a blockchain to store the insurance details. Validate the data using a hash function to verify the data lineage of an insurance claim.

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table to store the insurance details. Validate the data using AWS DMS validation by moving the data to Amazon S3 to verify the data lineage of an insurance claim.

Create an Amazon QLDB ledger to store the insurance details. Validate the data by choosing the ledger name in the digest request to verify the data lineage of an insurance claim.

Create an Amazon Aurora database to store the insurance details. Validate the data using AWS DMS validation by moving the data to Amazon S3 to verify the data lineage of an insurance claim.

11. A small startup company is looking to migrate a 4 TB on-premises MySQL database to AWS using an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance.

Which strategy would allow for a successful migration with the LEAST amount of downtime?

Deploy a new RDS for MySQL DB instance and configure it for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create an initial snapshot from the on-premises MySQL server, and copy it to an Amazon S3 bucket. Import the snapshot into the DB instance utilizing the MySQL utilities running on an Amazon EC2 instance. Immediately point the application to the DB instance.

Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance, install the MySQL software on the EC2 instance, and configure networking for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create a snapshot of the on-premises MySQL server. Copy the snapshot into the EC2 instance and restore it into the EC2 MySQL instance. Use AWS DMS to migrate data into a new RDS for MySQL DB instance. Point the application to the DB instance.

Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance, install the MySQL software on the EC2 instance, and configure networking for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create a snapshot of the on-premises MySQL server. Copy the snapshot into an Amazon S3 bucket and import the snapshot into a new RDS for MySQL DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an EC2 instance. Point the application to the DB instance.

Deploy a new RDS for MySQL DB instance and configure it for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create an initial snapshot from the on-premises MySQL server, and copy it to an Amazon S3 bucket. Import the snapshot into the DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an Amazon EC2 instance. Establish replication into the new DB instance using MySQL replication. Stop application access to the on-premises MySQL server and let the remaining transactions replicate over. Point the application to the DB instance.

12. An ecommerce company has tasked a Database Specialist with creating a reporting dashboard that visualizes critical business metrics that will be pulled from the core production database running on Amazon Aurora. Data that is read by the dashboard should be available within 100 milliseconds of an update.

The Database Specialist needs to review the current configuration of the Aurora DB cluster and develop a

cost-effective solution. The solution needs to accommodate the unpredictable read workload from the reporting dashboard without any impact on the write availability and performance of the DB cluster.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Turn on the serverless option in the DB cluster so it can automatically scale based on demand.

Provision a clone of the existing DB cluster for the new Application team.

Create a separate DB cluster for the new workload, refresh from the source DB cluster, and set up ongoing replication using AWS DMS change data capture (CDC).

Add an automatic scaling policy to the DB cluster to add Aurora Replicas to the cluster based on CPU consumption.

13. A company is using an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for its internal applications. A security audit shows that the DB instance is not encrypted at rest. The company’s application team needs to encrypt the DB instance.

What should the team do to meet this requirement?

Stop the DB instance and modify it to enable encryption. Apply this setting immediately without waiting for the next scheduled RDS maintenance window.

Stop the DB instance and create an encrypted snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot to a new encrypted DB instance. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.

Stop the DB instance and create a snapshot. Copy the snapshot into another encrypted snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot to a new encrypted DB instance. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.

Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote the read replica to master. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.

14. A database professional maintains a fleet of Amazon RDS database instances that are configured to utilize the default database parameter group. A database expert must connect a custom parameter group with certain database instances.

When will the instances be allocated to this new parameter group once the database specialist performs this change?

Instantaneously after the change is made to the parameter group

In the next scheduled maintenance window of the DB instances

After the DB instances are manually rebooted

Within 24 hours after the change is made to the parameter group

15. A company recently acquired a new business. A database specialist must migrate an unencrypted 12 TB Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance to a new AWS account. The database specialist needs to minimize the amount of time required to migrate the database.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Create a snapshot of the source DB instance in the source account. Share the snapshot with the destination account. In the target account, create a DB instance from the snapshot.

Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the source DB instance with the destination account. Create a DB instance in the destination account using the shared resource.

Create a read replica of the DB instance. Give the destination account access to the read replica. In the destination account, create a snapshot of the shared read replica and provision a new RDS for MySQL DB instance.

Use mysqldump to back up the source database. Create an RDS for MySQL DB instance in the destination account. Use the mysql command to restore the backup in the destination database.

16. A company has an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instances that is 200 GB in size with an RPO of 6 hours. To meet the company’s disaster recovery policies, the database backup needs to be copied into another Region. The company requires the solution to be cost-effective and operationally efficient.

What should a Database Specialist do to copy the database backup into a different Region?

Use Amazon RDS automated snapshots and use AWS Lambda to copy the snapshot into another Region

Use Amazon RDS automated snapshots every 6 hours and use Amazon S3 cross-Region replication to copy the snapshot into another Region

Create an AWS Lambda function to take an Amazon RDS snapshot every 6 hours and use a second Lambda function to copy the snapshot into another Region

Create a cross-Region read replica for Amazon RDS in another Region and take an automated snapshot of the read replica

17. A Database Specialist is performing a proof of concept with Amazon Aurora using a small instance to confirm a simple database behavior. When loading a large dataset and creating the index, the Database Specialist encounters the following error message from Aurora:

ERROR: cloud not write block 7507718 of temporary file: No space left on device

What is the cause of this error and what should the Database Specialist do to resolve this issue?

The scaling of Aurora storage cannot catch up with the data loading. The Database Specialist needs to modify the workload to load the data slowly.

The scaling of Aurora storage cannot catch up with the data loading. The Database Specialist needs to enable Aurora storage scaling.

The local storage used to store temporary tables is full. The Database Specialist needs to scale up the instance.

The local storage used to store temporary tables is full. The Database Specialist needs to enable local storage scaling.

18. A company is running an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance for a business-critical workload. RDS encryption for the DB instance is disabled. A recent security audit concluded that all business-critical applications must encrypt data at rest. The company has asked its database specialist to formulate a plan to accomplish this for the DB instance.

Which process should the database specialist recommend?

Create an encrypted snapshot of the unencrypted DB instance. Copy the encrypted snapshot to Amazon S3. Restore the DB instance from the encrypted snapshot using Amazon S3.

Create a new RDS for MySQL DB instance with encryption enabled. Restore the unencrypted snapshot to this DB instance.

Create a snapshot of the unencrypted DB instance. Create an encrypted copy of the snapshot. Restore the DB instance from the encrypted snapshot.

Temporarily shut down the unencrypted DB instance. Enable AWS KMS encryption in the AWS Management Console using an AWS managed CM

Restart the DB instance in an encrypted state.

19. A company stores critical data for a department in Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instances. The department was closed for 3 weeks and notified a database specialist that access to the RDS DB instances should not be granted to anyone during this time. To meet this requirement, the database specialist stopped all the DB instances used by the department but did not select the option to create a snapshot. Before the 3 weeks expired, the database specialist discovered that users could connect to the database successfully.

What could be the reason for this?

When stopping the DB instance, the option to create a snapshot should have been selected.

When stopping the DB instance, the duration for stopping the DB instance should have been selected.

Stopped DB instances will automatically restart if the number of attempted connections exceeds the threshold set.

Stopped DB instances will automatically restart if the instance is not manually started after 7 days.

20. An ecommerce company is running AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to replicate an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The company has set up an AWS Direct Connect connection from its on-premises data center to AWS. During the migration, the company's security team receives an alarm that is related to the migration. The security team mandates that the DMS replication instance must not be accessible from public IP addresses.

What should a database specialist do to meet this requirement?

Set up a VPN connection to encrypt the traffic over the Direct Connect connection.

Modify the DMS replication instance by disabling the publicly accessible option.

Delete the DMS replication instance. Recreate the DMS replication instance with the publicly accessible option disabled.

Create a new replication VPC subnet group with private subnets. Modify the DMS replication instance by selecting the newly created VPC subnet group.

21. A database specialist needs to review and optimize an Amazon DynamoDB table that is experiencing performance issues. A thorough investigation by the database specialist reveals that the partition key is causing hot partitions, so a new partition key is created. The database specialist must effectively apply this new partition key to all existing and new data.

How can this solution be implemented?

Use Amazon EMR to export the data from the current DynamoDB table to Amazon S3. Then use Amazon EMR again to import the data from Amazon S3 into a new DynamoDB table with the new partition key.

Use AWS DMS to copy the data from the current DynamoDB table to Amazon S3. Then import the DynamoDB table to create a new DynamoDB table with the new partition key.

Use the AWS CLI to update the DynamoDB table and modify the partition key.

Use the AWS CLI to back up the DynamoDB table. Then use the restore-table-from-backup command and modify the partition key.

22. A significant automotive manufacturer is switching a mission-critical finance application's database to Amazon DynamoDB. According to the company's risk and compliance policy, any update to the database must be documented as a log entry for auditing purposes. Each minute, the system anticipates about 500,000 log entries. Log entries should be kept in Apache Parquet files in batches of at least 100,000 records per file.

How could a database professional approach these needs while using DynamoDB?

Enable Amazon DynamoDB Streams on the table. Create an AWS Lambda function triggered by the stream. Write the log entries to an Amazon S3 object.

Create a backup plan in AWS Backup to back up the DynamoDB table once a day. Create an AWS Lambda function that restores the backup in another table and compares both tables for changes. Generate the log entries and write them to an Amazon S3 object.

Enable AWS CloudTrail logs on the table. Create an AWS Lambda function that reads the log files once an hour and filters DynamoDB API actions. Write the filtered log files to Amazon S3.

Enable Amazon DynamoDB Streams on the table. Create an AWS Lambda function triggered by the stream. Write the log entries to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream with buffering and Amazon S3 as the destination.

23. A database specialist must create nightly backups of an Amazon DynamoDB table in a mission-critical workload as part of a disaster recovery strategy.

Which backup methodology should the database specialist use to MINIMIZE management overhead?

Install the AWS CLI on an Amazon EC2 instance. Write a CLI command that creates a backup of the DynamoDB table. Create a scheduled job or task that executes the command on a nightly basis.

Create an AWS Lambda function that creates a backup of the DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule that executes the Lambda function on a nightly basis.

Create a backup plan using AWS Backup, specify a backup frequency of every 24 hours, and give the plan a nightly backup window.

Configure DynamoDB backup and restore for an on-demand backup frequency of every 24 hours.

24. A business just transitioned from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. Following the move, the organization observed that every day around 3:00 PM, the application's response time is substantially slower. The firm has determined that the problem is with the database, not the application.

Which set of procedures should the Database Specialist do to locate the erroneous PostgreSQL query most efficiently?

Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to show the number of connections, CPU usage, and disk space consumption. Watch these dashboards during the next slow period.

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance, and install and configure an open-source PostgreSQL monitoring tool that will run reports based on the output error logs.

Modify the logging database parameter to log all the queries related to locking in the database and then check the logs after the next slow period for this information.

Enable Amazon RDS Performance Insights on the PostgreSQL database. Use the metrics to identify any queries that are related to spikes in the graph during the next slow period.

25. A financial services company has an application deployed on AWS that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. A recent audit showed that no log files contained database administrator activity. A database specialist needs to recommend a solution to provide database access and activity logs. The solution should use the least amount of effort and have a minimal impact on performance.

Which solution should the database specialist recommend?

Enable Aurora Database Activity Streams on the database in synchronous mode. Connect the Amazon Kinesis data stream to Kinesis Data Firehose. Set the Kinesis Data Firehose destination to an Amazon S3 bucket.

Create an AWS CloudTrail trail in the Region where the database runs. Associate the database activity logs with the trail.

Enable Aurora Database Activity Streams on the database in asynchronous mode. Connect the Amazon Kinesis data stream to Kinesis Data Firehose. Set the Firehose destination to an Amazon S3 bucket.

Allow connections to the DB cluster through a bastion host only. Restrict database access to the bastion host and application servers. Push the bastion host logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs using the CloudWatch Logs agent.

26. A Database Specialist is creating a new Amazon Neptune DB cluster, and is attempting to

load fata from Amazon S3 into the Neptune DB cluster using the Neptune bulk loader API.

The Database Specialist receives the following error:

“Unable to connect to s3 endpoint. Provided source = s3://mybucket/graphdata/ and region = us-east-1. Please verify your S3 configuration.”

Which combination of actions should the Database Specialist take to troubleshoot the problem? (Choose two.)

Check that Amazon S3 has an IAM role granting read access to Neptune

Check that an Amazon S3 VPC endpoint exists

Check that a Neptune VPC endpoint exists

Check that Amazon EC2 has an IAM role granting read access to Amazon S3

Check that Neptune has an IAM role granting read access to Amazon S3

27. The website of a manufacturing firm makes use of an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database cluster.

Which settings will result in the LEAST amount of downtime for the application during failover? (Select three.)

Use the provided read and write Aurora endpoints to establish a connection to the Aurora DB cluster.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alert triggering a restore in another Availability Zone when the primary Aurora DB cluster is unreachable.

Edit and enable Aurora DB cluster cache management in parameter groups.

Set TCP keepalive parameters to a high value.

Set JDBC connection string timeout variables to a low value.

Set Java DNS caching timeouts to a high value.

28. Recently, a financial institution created a portfolio management service. The application's backend is powered by Amazon Aurora, which supports MySQL.

The firm demands a response time of five minutes and a response time of five minutes. A database professional must create a disaster recovery system that is both efficient and has a low replication latency.

How should the database professional tackle these requirements?

Configure AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) and create a replica in a different AWS Region.

Configure an Amazon Aurora global database and add a different AWS Region.

Configure a binlog and create a replica in a different AWS Region.

Configure a cross-Region read replica.

29. A company has an application that uses an Amazon DynamoDB table to store user data. Every morning, a single-threaded process calls the DynamoDB API Scan operation to scan the entire table and generate a critical start-of-day report for management. A successful marketing campaign recently doubled the number of items in the table, and now the process takes too long to run and the report is not generated in time.

A database specialist needs to improve the performance of the process. The database specialist notes that, when the process is running, 15% of the table’s provisioned read capacity units (RCUs) are being used.

What should the database specialist do?

Enable auto scaling for the DynamoDB table.

Use four threads and parallel DynamoDB API Scan operations.

Double the table’s provisioned RCUs.

Set the Limit and Offset parameters before every call to the AP

30. A gaming company is designing a mobile gaming app that will be accessed by many users across the globe. The company wants to have replication and full support for multi-master writes. The company also wants to ensure low latency and consistent performance for app users.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for storage and enable DynamoDB automatic scaling

Use Amazon Aurora for storage and enable cross-Region Aurora Replicas

Use Amazon Aurora for storage and cache the user content with Amazon ElastiCache

Use Amazon Neptune for storage

31. An application reads and writes data to an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. A new reporting dashboard needs read-only access to the database. When the application and reports are both under heavy load, the database experiences performance degradation. A database specialist needs to improve the database performance.

What should the database specialist do to meet these requirements?

Create a read replica of the DB instance. Configure the reports to connect to the replication instance endpoint.

Create a read replica of the DB instance. Configure the application and reports to connect to the cluster endpoint.

Enable Multi-AZ deployment. Configure the reports to connect to the standby replica.

Enable Multi-AZ deployment. Configure the application and reports to connect to the cluster endpoint.

32. A company has an AWS CloudFormation stack that defines an Amazon RDS DB instance. The company accidentally deletes the stack and loses recent data from the DB instance. A database specialist must change the CloudFormation template for the RDS resource to reduce the chance of accidental data loss from the DB instance in the future.

Which combination of actions should the database specialist take to meet this requirement? (Choose three.)

Set the DeletionProtection property to True.

Set the MultiAZ property to True.

Set the TerminationProtection property to True.

Set the DeleteAutomatedBackups property to False.

Set the DeletionPolicy attribute to No.

Set the DeletionPolicy attribute to Retain.

33. A corporation is transitioning from an IBM Informix database to an Amazon RDS for SQL Server Multi-AZ implementation with Always On Availability Groups (AGs). SQL Server Agent tasks are scheduled to execute at 5-minute intervals on the Always On AG listener to synchronize data between the Informix and SQL Server databases. After a successful failover to the backup node with minimum delay, users endure hours of stale data.

How can a database professional guarantee that consumers view the most current data after a failover?

Set TTL to less than 30 seconds for cached DNS values on the Always On AG listener.

Break up large transactions into multiple smaller transactions that complete in less than 5 minutes.

Set the databases on the secondary node to read-only mode.

Create the SQL Server Agent jobs on the secondary node from a script when the secondary node takes over after a failure.

34. A company migrated one of its business-critical database workloads to an Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ DB cluster. The company requires a very low RTO and needs to improve the application recovery time after database failovers.

Which approach meets these requirements?

Set the max_connections parameter to 16,000 in the instance-level parameter group.

Modify the client connection timeout to 300 seconds.

Create an Amazon RDS Proxy database proxy and update client connections to point to the proxy endpoint.

Enable the query cache at the instance level.

35. A company’s Security department established new requirements that state internal users must connect to an existing Amazon RDS for SQL Server DB instance using their corporate Active Directory (AD) credentials. A Database Specialist must make the modifications needed to fulfill this requirement.

Which combination of actions should the Database Specialist take? (Choose three.)

Disable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) on the RDS SQL Server DB instance.

Modify the RDS SQL Server DB instance to use the directory for Windows authentication. Create appropriate new logins.

Use the AWS Management Console to create an AWS Managed Microsoft A

Create a trust relationship with the corporate A

Stop the RDS SQL Server DB instance, modify it to use the directory for Windows authentication, and start it again. Create appropriate new logins.

Use the AWS Management Console to create an AD Connector. Create a trust relationship with the corporate A

Configure the AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain controller Security Group.

36. A marketing company is using Amazon DocumentDB and requires that database audit logs be enabled. A Database Specialist needs to configure monitoring so that all data definition language (DDL) statements performed are visible to the Administrator. The Database Specialist has set the audit_logs parameter to enabled in the cluster parameter group.

What should the Database Specialist do to automatically collect the database logs for the Administrator?

Enable DocumentDB to export the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Enable DocumentDB to export the logs to AWS CloudTrail

Enable DocumentDB Events to export the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs

Configure an AWS Lambda function to download the logs using the download-db-log-file-portion operation and store the logs in Amazon S3

37. A Database Specialist is migrating a 2 TB Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance using AWS DMS. The source RDS Oracle DB instance is in a VPC in the us-east-1 Region. The target RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance is in a VPC in the use-west-2 Region.

Where should the AWS DMS replication instance be placed for the MOST optimal performance?

In the same Region and VPC of the source DB instance

In the same Region and VPC as the target DB instance

In the same VPC and Availability Zone as the target DB instance

In the same VPC and Availability Zone as the source DB instance

38. Amazon Aurora MySQL is being used by an ecommerce business to migrate its main

application database. The firm is now doing OLTP stress testing using concurrent database connections. A database professional detected sluggish performance for several particular write operations during the first round of testing.

Examining the Amazon CloudWatch stats for the Aurora DB cluster revealed a CPU usage of 90%.

Which actions should the database professional take to determine the main cause of excessive CPU use and sluggish performance most effectively? (Select two.)

Enable Enhanced Monitoring at less than 30 seconds of granularity to review the operating system metrics before the next round of tests.

Review the VolumeBytesUsed metric in CloudWatch to see if there is a spike in write I/

Review Amazon RDS Performance Insights to identify the top SQL statements and wait events.

Review Amazon RDS API calls in AWS CloudTrail to identify long-running queries.

Enable Advance Auditing to log QUERY events in Amazon CloudWatch before the next round of tests.

39. A Database Specialist must create a read replica to isolate read-only queries for an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. Immediately after creating the read replica, users that query it report slow response times.

What could be causing these slow response times?

New volumes created from snapshots load lazily in the background

Long-running statements on the master

Insufficient resources on the master

Overload of a single replication thread by excessive writes on the master

40. A Database Specialist is migrating an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server application database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL using AWS DMS. The application requires minimal downtime when the RDS DB instance goes live.

What change should the Database Specialist make to enable the migration?

Configure the on-premises application database to act as a source for an AWS DMS full load with ongoing change data capture (CDC)

Configure the AWS DMS replication instance to allow both full load and ongoing change data capture (CDC)

Configure the AWS DMS task to generate full logs to allow for ongoing change data capture (CDC)

Configure the AWS DMS connections to allow two-way communication to allow for ongoing change data capture (CDC)

41. A Database Specialist is designing a new database infrastructure for a ride hailing application. The application data includes a ride tracking system that stores GPS coordinates for all rides. Real-time statistics and metadata lookups must be performed with high throughput and microsecond latency. The database should be fault tolerant with minimal operational overhead and development effort.

Which solution meets these requirements in the MOST efficient way?

Use Amazon RDS for MySQL as the database and use Amazon ElastiCache

Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database and use DynamoDB Accelerator

Use Amazon Aurora MySQL as the database and use Aurora’s buffer cache

Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database and use Amazon API Gateway

42. A ride-hailing application uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance as persistent storage for bookings. This application is very popular and the company expects a tenfold increase in the user base in next few months. The application experiences more traffic during the morning and evening hours.

This application has two parts:

✑ An in-house booking component that accepts online bookings that directly correspond to simultaneous requests from users.

✑ A third-party customer relationship management (CRM) component used by customer care representatives. The CRM uses queries to access booking data.

A database specialist needs to design a cost-effective database solution to handle this workload.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to accept the bookings. Associate an AWS Lambda function to capture changes and push the booking data to the RDS for MySQL DB instance used by the CR

Use Amazon DynamoDB to accept the bookings. Enable DynamoDB Streams and associate an AWS Lambda function to capture changes and push the booking data to an Amazon SQS queue. This triggers another Lambda function that pulls data from Amazon SQS and writes it to the RDS for MySQL DB instance used by the CR

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to accept the bookings. Associate an AWS Lambda function to capture changes and push the booking data to an Amazon Redshift database used by the CR

Use Amazon DynamoDB to accept the bookings. Enable DynamoDB Streams and associate an AWS Lambda function to capture changes and push the booking data to Amazon Athena, which is used by the CR

43. A company uses the Amazon DynamoDB table contractDB in us-east-1 for its contract system with the following schema:

orderID (primary key) timestamp (sort key) contract (map) createdBy (string)

customerEmail (string)

After a problem in production, the operations team has asked a database specialist to provide an IAM policy to read items from the database to debug the application. In addition, the developer is not allowed to access the value of the customerEmail field to stay compliant.

Which IAM policy should the database specialist use to achieve these requirements?

A)

Option A

Option B

Option C

44. A gaming company is developing a new mobile game and decides to store the data for each user in Amazon DynamoDB. To make the registration process as easy as possible, users can log in with their existing Facebook or Amazon accounts. The company expects more than 10,000 users.

How should a database specialist implement access control with the LEAST operational effort?

Use web identity federation on the mobile app and AWS STS with an attached IAM role to get temporary credentials to access DynamoD

Use web identity federation on the mobile app and create individual IAM users with credentials to access DynamoD

Use a self-developed user management system on the mobile app that lets users access the data from DynamoDB through an AP

Use a single IAM user on the mobile app to access DynamoD

45. A company uses Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon RDS in a Multi-AZ deployment as the database engine for its application. The company was recently acquired by another company. A database specialist must rename the database to follow a new naming standard.

Which combination of steps should the database specialist take to rename the database? (Choose two.)

Turn off automatic snapshots for the DB instance. Rename the database with the rdsadmin.dbo.rds_modify_db_name stored procedure. Turn on the automatic snapshots.

Turn off Multi-AZ for the DB instance. Rename the database with the rdsadmin.dbo.rds_modify_db_name stored procedure. Turn on Multi-AZ Mirroring.

Delete all existing snapshots for the DB instance. Use the rdsadmin.dbo.rds_modify_db_name stored procedure.

Update the application with the new database connection string.

Update the DNS record for the DB instance.

46. A company is about to launch a new product, and test databases must be re-created from production data. The company runs its production databases on an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. A Database Specialist needs to deploy a solution to create these test databases as quickly as possible with the least amount of administrative effort.

What should the Database Specialist do to meet these requirements?

Restore a snapshot from the production cluster into test clusters

Create logical dumps of the production cluster and restore them into new test clusters

Use database cloning to create clones of the production cluster

Add an additional read replica to the production cluster and use that node for testing

47. A Database Specialist is working with a company to launch a new website built on Amazon Aurora with several Aurora Replicas. This new website will replace an on-premises website connected to a legacy relational database. Due to stability issues in the legacy database, the company would like to test the resiliency of Aurora.

Which action can the Database Specialist take to test the resiliency of the Aurora DB cluster?

Stop the DB cluster and analyze how the website responds

Use Aurora fault injection to crash the master DB instance

Remove the DB cluster endpoint to simulate a master DB instance failure

Use Aurora Backtrack to crash the DB cluster

48. A huge gaming firm is developing a centralized method for storing the status of various online games' user sessions. The workload requires low-latency key-value storage and will consist of an equal number of reads and writes. Across the games' geographically dispersed user base, data should be written to the AWS Region nearest to the user. The design should reduce the burden associated with managing data replication across Regions.

Which solution satisfies these criteria?

Amazon RDS for MySQL with multi-Region read replicas

Amazon Aurora global database

Amazon RDS for Oracle with GoldenGate

Amazon DynamoDB global tables

49. A company is running a finance application on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The application is governed by multiple financial regulatory agencies. The RDS DB instance is set up with security groups to allow access to certain Amazon EC2 servers only. AWS KMS is used for encryption at rest.

Which step will provide additional security?

Set up NACLs that allow the entire EC2 subnet to access the DB instance

Disable the master user account

Set up a security group that blocks SSH to the DB instance

Set up RDS to use SSL for data in transit

50. An Amazon RDS EBS-optimized instance with Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) storage is using less than half of its allocated IOPS over the course of several hours under constant load. The RDS instance exhibits multi-second read and write latency, and uses all of its maximum bandwidth for read throughput, yet the instance uses less than half of its CPU and RAM resources.

What should a Database Specialist do in this situation to increase performance and return latency to sub- second levels?

Increase the size of the DB instance storage

Change the underlying EBS storage type to General Purpose SSD (gp2)

Disable EBS optimization on the DB instance

Change the DB instance to an instance class with a higher maximum bandwidth

51. A user has a non-relational key-value database. The user is looking for a fully managed AWS service that will offload the administrative burdens of operating and scaling distributed databases. The solution must be cost- effective and able to handle unpredictable application traffic.

What should a Database Specialist recommend for this user?

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table with provisioned capacity mode

Create an Amazon DocumentDB cluster

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity mode

Create an Amazon Aurora Serverless DB cluster

52. A company has a production environment running on Amazon RDS for SQL Server with an in-house web application as the front end. During the last application maintenance window, new functionality was added to the web application to enhance the reporting capabilities for management. Since the update, the application is slow to respond to some reporting queries.

How should the company identify the source of the problem?

Install and configure Amazon CloudWatch Application Insights for Microsoft .NET and Microsoft SQL Server. Use a CloudWatch dashboard to identify the root cause.

Enable RDS Performance Insights and determine which query is creating the problem. Request changes to the query to address the problem.

Use AWS X-Ray deployed with Amazon RDS to track query system traces.

Create a support request and work with AWS Support to identify the source of the issue.

53. A company has applications running on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet with no internet connectivity. The company deployed a new application that uses Amazon DynamoDB, but the application cannot connect to the DynamoDB tables. A developer already checked that all permissions are set correctly.

What should a database specialist do to resolve this issue while minimizing access to external resources?

Add a route to an internet gateway in the subnet’s route table.

Add a route to a NAT gateway in the subnet’s route table.

Assign a new security group to the EC2 instances with an outbound rule to ports 80 and 443.

Create a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB and add a route to the endpoint in the subnet’s route table.

54. A company is running a two-tier ecommerce application in one AWS account. The web server is deployed using an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance. A Developer mistakenly deleted the database in the production environment. The database has been restored, but this resulted in hours of downtime and lost revenue.

Which combination of changes in existing IAM policies should a Database Specialist make to prevent an error like this from happening in the future? (Choose three.)

Grant least privilege to groups, users, and roles

Allow all users to restore a database from a backup that will reduce the overall downtime to restore the database

Enable multi-factor authentication for sensitive operations to access sensitive resources and API operations

Use policy conditions to restrict access to selective IP addresses

Use AccessList Controls policy type to restrict users for database instance deletion

Enable AWS CloudTrail logging and Enhanced Monitoring

55. A database professional is developing an application that will respond to single-instance requests. The program will query large amounts of client data and offer end users with results.

These reports may include a variety of fields. The database specialist want to enable users to query the database using any of the fields offered.

During peak periods, the database's traffic volume will be significant yet changeable.

However, the database will see little activity over the rest of the day.

Which approach will be the most cost-effective in meeting these requirements?

Amazon DynamoDB with provisioned capacity mode and auto scaling

Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity mode

Amazon Aurora with auto scaling enabled

Amazon Aurora in a serverless mode

56. A manufacturing company’s website uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.

Which configurations will result in the LEAST application downtime during a failover? (Choose three.)

Use the provided read and write Aurora endpoints to establish a connection to the Aurora DB cluster.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alert triggering a restore in another Availability Zone when the primary Aurora DB cluster is unreachable.

Edit and enable Aurora DB cluster cache management in parameter groups.

Set TCP keepalive parameters to a high value.

Set JDBC connection string timeout variables to a low value.

Set Java DNS caching timeouts to a high value.

57. A company is using Amazon Redshift as its data warehouse solution.

The Redshift cluster handles the following types of workloads:

* Real-time inserts through Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose

* Bulk inserts through COPY commands from Amazon S3

* Analytics through SQL queries

Recently, the cluster has started to experience performance issues.

Which combination of actions should a database specialist take to improve the cluster's performance? (Choose three.)

Modify the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to stream the data to Amazon S3 with a high buffer size and to load the data into Amazon Redshift by using the COPY command.

Stream real-time data into Redshift temporary tables before loading the data into permanent tables.

For bulk inserts, split input files on Amazon S3 into multiple files to match the number of slices on Amazon Redshift. Then use the COPY command to load data into Amazon Redshift.

For bulk inserts, use the parallel parameter in the COPY command to enable multi-threading.

Optimize analytics SQL queries to use sort keys.

Avoid using temporary tables in analytics SQL queries.

58. A company has multiple applications serving data from a secure on-premises database. The company is migrating all applications and databases to the AWS Cloud. The IT Risk and Compliance department requires that auditing be enabled on all secure databases to capture all log ins, log outs, failed logins, permission changes, and database schema changes. A Database Specialist has recommended Amazon Aurora MySQL as the migration target, and leveraging the Advanced Auditing feature in Aurora.

Which events need to be specified in the Advanced Auditing configuration to satisfy the minimum auditing requirements? (Choose three.)

CONNECT

QUERY_DCL

QUERY_DDL

QUERY_DML

TABLE

QUERY

59. A business's production databases are housed on a 3 TB Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The database cluster is installed in the region us-east-1. For disaster recovery (DR) requirements, the company's database expert needs to fast deploy the DB cluster in another AWS Region to handle the production load with an RTO of less than two hours.

Which approach is the MOST OPERATIONALLY EFFECTIVE in meeting these requirements?

Implement an AWS Lambda function to take a snapshot of the production DB cluster every 2 hours, and copy that snapshot to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Restore the snapshot to an appropriately sized DB cluster in the DR Region.

Add a cross-Region read replica in the DR Region with the same instance type as the current primary instance. If the read replica in the DR Region needs to be used for production, promote the read replica to become a standalone DB cluster.

Create a smaller DB cluster in the DR Region. Configure an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with change data capture (CDC) enabled to replicate data from the current production DB cluster to the DB cluster in the DR Region.

Create an Aurora global database that spans two Regions. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the existing database to the new global database.

60. A retail company with its main office in New York and another office in Tokyo plans to build a database solution on AWS. The company’s main workload consists of a mission-critical application that updates its application data in a data store. The team at the Tokyo office is building dashboards with complex analytical queries using the application data. The dashboards will be used to make buying decisions, so they need to have access to the application data in less than 1 second.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Use an Amazon RDS DB instance deployed in the us-east-1 Region with a read replica instance in the ap- northeast-1 Region. Create an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in the ap-northeast-1 Region to cache application data from the replica to generate the dashboards.

Use an Amazon DynamoDB global table in the us-east-1 Region with replication into the ap-northeast-1 Region. Use Amazon QuickSight for displaying dashboard results.

Use an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance deployed in the us-east-1 Region with a read replica instance in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Have the dashboard application read from the read replica.

Use an Amazon Aurora global database. Deploy the writer instance in the us-east-1 Region and the replica in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Have the dashboard application read from the replica ap-northeast-1 Region.

61. A company has a production Amazon Aurora Db cluster that serves both online transaction processing (OLTP) transactions and compute-intensive reports. The reports run for 10% of the total cluster uptime while the OLTP transactions run all the time. The company has benchmarked its workload and determined that a six-node Aurora DB cluster is appropriate for the peak workload.

The company is now looking at cutting costs for this DB cluster, but needs to have a sufficient number of nodes in the cluster to support the workload at different times. The workload has not changed since the previous benchmarking exercise.

How can a Database Specialist address these requirements with minimal user involvement?

Split up the DB cluster into two different clusters: one for OLTP and the other for reporting. Monitor and set up replication between the two clusters to keep data consistent.

Review all evaluate the peak combined workload. Ensure that utilization of the DB cluster node is at an acceptable level. Adjust the number of instances, if necessary.

Use the stop cluster functionality to stop all the nodes of the DB cluster during times of minimal workload. The cluster can be restarted again depending on the workload at the time.

Set up automatic scaling on the DB cluster. This will allow the number of reader nodes to adjust automatically to the reporting workload, when needed.

62. A company’s database specialist disabled TLS on an Amazon DocumentDB cluster to perform benchmarking tests. A few days after this change was implemented, a database specialist trainee accidentally deleted multiple tables. The database specialist restored the database from available snapshots. An hour after restoring the cluster, the database specialist is still unable to connect to the new cluster endpoint.

What should the database specialist do to connect to the new, restored Amazon DocumentDB cluster?

Change the restored cluster’s parameter group to the original cluster’s custom parameter group.

Change the restored cluster’s parameter group to the Amazon DocumentDB default parameter group.

Configure the interface VPC endpoint and associate the new Amazon DocumentDB cluster.

Run the syncInstances command in AWS DataSync.

63. A company stores session history for its users in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The company has a large user base and generates large amounts of session data.

Teams analyze the session data for 1 week, and then the data is no longer needed. A database specialist needs to design an automated solution to purge session data that is more than 1 week old.

Which strategy meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Create an AWS Step Functions state machine with a DynamoDB DeleteItem operation that uses the ConditionExpression parameter to delete items older than a week. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) scheduled rule that runs the Step Functions state machine on a weekly basis.

Create an AWS Lambda function to delete items older than a week from the DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) scheduled rule that triggers the Lambda function on a weekly basis.

Enable Amazon DynamoDB Streams on the table. Use a stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function to delete items older than a week from the DynamoDB table

Enable TTL on the DynamoDB table and set a Number data type as the TTL attribute. DynamoDB will automatically delete items that have a TTL that is less than the current time.

64. A company is building a new web platform where user requests trigger an AWS Lambda function that performs an insert into an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Initial tests with less than 10 users on the new platform yielded successful execution and fast response times. However, upon more extensive tests with the actual target of 3,000 concurrent users, Lambda functions are unable to connect to the DB cluster and receive too many connections errors.

Which of the following will resolve this issue?

Edit the my.cnf file for the DB cluster to increase max_connections

Increase the instance size of the DB cluster

Change the DB cluster to Multi-AZ

Increase the number of Aurora Replicas

65. A company is writing a new survey application to be used with a weekly televised game show. The application will be available for 2 hours each week. The company expects to receive over 500,000 entries every week, with each survey asking 2-3 multiple choice questions of each user. A Database Specialist needs to select a platform that is highly scalable for a large number of concurrent writes to handle he anticipated volume.

Which AWS services should the Database Specialist consider? (Choose two.)

Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon Redshift

Amazon Neptune

Amazon Elasticsearch Service

Amazon ElastiCache

66. A Database Specialist needs to define a database migration strategy to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The company requires near-zero downtime for the data migration. The solution must also be cost-effective.

Which approach should the Database Specialist take?

Dump all the tables from the Oracle database into an Amazon S3 bucket using datapump (expdp). Run data transformations in AWS Glue. Load the data from the S3 bucket to the Aurora DB cluster.

Order an AWS Snowball appliance and copy the Oracle backup to the Snowball appliance. Once the Snowball data is delivered to Amazon S3, create a new Aurora DB cluster. Enable the S3 integration to migrate the data directly from Amazon S3 to Amazon RD

Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to help rewrite database objects to MySQL during the schema migration. Use AWS DMS to perform the full load and change data capture (CDC) tasks.

Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to import the Oracle virtual machine image as an Amazon EC2 instance. Use the Oracle Logical Dump utility to migrate the Oracle data from Amazon EC2 to an Aurora DB cluster.

67. A company is planning to close for several days. A Database Specialist needs to stop all applications along with the DB instances to ensure employees do not have access to the systems during this time. All databases are running on Amazon RDS for MySQL.

The Database Specialist wrote and executed a script to stop all the DB instances. When reviewing the logs, the Database Specialist found that Amazon RDS DB instances with read replicas did not stop.

How should the Database Specialist edit the script to fix this issue?

Stop the source instances before stopping their read replicas

Delete each read replica before stopping its corresponding source instance

Stop the read replicas before stopping their source instances

Use the AWS CLI to stop each read replica and source instance at the same time

68. A company has a on-premises Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) database. The company wants to migrate the database to AWS and reduce licensing costs. The company's application team wants to store JSON payloads that expire after 28 hours. The company has development capacity if code changes are required.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Use Amazon DynamoDB and leverage the Time to Live (TTL) feature to automatically expire the data.

Use Amazon RDS for Oracle with Multi-A

Create an AWS Lambda function to purge the expired data. Schedule the Lambda function to run daily using Amazon EventBridge.

Use Amazon DocumentDB with a read replica in a different Availability Zone. Use DocumentDB change streams to expire the data.

Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Multi-AZ and leverage the Time to Live (TTL) feature to automatically expire the data.

69. AWS CloudFormation stack including an Amazon RDS database instance was mistakenly removed, resulting in the loss of recent data. A Database Specialist must apply RDS parameters to the CloudFormation template in order to minimize the possibility of future inadvertent instance data loss.

Which settings will satisfy this criterion? (Select three.)

Set DeletionProtection to True

Set MultiAZ to True

Set TerminationProtection to True

Set DeleteAutomatedBackups to False

Set DeletionPolicy to Delete

Set DeletionPolicy to Retain

70. A company with 500,000 employees needs to supply its employee list to an application used by human resources. Every 30 minutes, the data is exported using the LDAP service to load into a new Amazon DynamoDB table. The data model has a base table with Employee ID for the partition key and a global secondary index with Organization ID as the partition key.

While importing the data, a database specialist receives ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors. After increasing the provisioned write capacity units (WCUs) to 50,000, the specialist receives the same errors. Amazon CloudWatch metrics show a consumption of 1,500 WCUs.

What should the database specialist do to address the issue?

Change the data model to avoid hot partitions in the global secondary index.

Enable auto scaling for the table to automatically increase write capacity during bulk imports.

Modify the table to use on-demand capacity instead of provisioned capacity.

Increase the number of retries on the bulk loading application.

71. A company's database specialist is building an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance to store hundreds of records in CSV format. A customer service tool uploads the records to an Amazon S3 bucket.

An employee who previously worked at the company already created a custom stored procedure to map the necessary CSV fields to the database tables. The database specialist needs to implement a solution that reuses this previous work and minimizes operational overhead.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Create an Amazon S3 event to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to parse the .csv file and use a SQL client library to run INSERT statements to load the data into the tables.

Write a custom .NET app that is hosted on Amazon EC2. Configure the .NET app to load the .csv file and call the custom stored procedure to insert the data into the tables.

Download the .csv file from Amazon S3 to the RDS D drive by using an AWS msdb stored procedure. Call the custom stored procedure to insert the data from the RDS D drive into the tables.

Create an Amazon S3 event to invoke AWS Step Functions to parse the .csv file and call the custom stored procedure to insert the data into the tables.

72. A corporation wishes to move a 1 TB Oracle database from its current location to an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. The database specialist at the firm noticed that the Oracle database stores 100 GB of large binary objects (LOBs) across many tables. The Oracle database supports LOBs up to 500 MB in size and an average of 350 MB. AWS DMS was picked by the Database Specialist to transfer the data with the most replication instances.

How should the database specialist improve the transfer of the database to AWS DMS?

Create a single task using full LOB mode with a LOB chunk size of 500 MB to migrate the data and LOBs together

Create two tasks: task1 with LOB tables using full LOB mode with a LOB chunk size of 500 MB and task2 without LOBs

Create two tasks: task1 with LOB tables using limited LOB mode with a maximum LOB size of 500 MB and task 2 without LOBs

Create a single task using limited LOB mode with a maximum LOB size of 500 MB to migrate data and LOBs together

73. Amazon RDS for Oracle with Transparent Data Encryption is used by a financial services organization (TDE). At all times, the organization is obligated to encrypt its data at rest. The decryption key must be widely distributed, and access to the key must be restricted. The organization must be able to rotate the encryption key on demand to comply with regulatory requirements. If any possible security vulnerabilities are discovered, the organization must be able to disable the key. Additionally, the company's overhead must be kept to a minimal.

What method should the database administrator use to configure the encryption to fulfill these specifications?

AWS CloudHSM

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) with an AWS managed key

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) with server-side encryption

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) CMK with customer-provided material

74. A company is using Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL for the backend of its application. The system users are complaining that the responses are slow. A database specialist has determined that the queries to Aurora take longer during peak times. With the Amazon RDS Performance Insights dashboard, the load in the chart for average active sessions is often above the line that denotes maximum CPU usage and the wait state shows that most wait events are IO:XactSync.

What should the company do to resolve these performance issues?

Add an Aurora Replica to scale the read traffic.

Scale up the DB instance class.

Modify applications to commit transactions in batches.

Modify applications to avoid conflicts by taking locks.

75. A company developed an AWS CloudFormation template used to create all new Amazon DynamoDB tables in its AWS account. The template configures provisioned throughput capacity using hard-coded values. The company wants to change the template so that the tables it creates in the future have independently configurable read and write capacity units assigned.

Which solution will enable this change?

Add values for the rcuCount and wcuCount parameters to the Mappings section of the template. Configure DynamoDB to provision throughput capacity using the stack’s mappings.

Add values for two Number parameters, rcuCount and wcuCount, to the template. Replace the hard-coded values with calls to the Ref intrinsic function, referencing the new parameters.

Add values for the rcuCount and wcuCount parameters as outputs of the template. Configure DynamoDB to provision throughput capacity using the stack outputs.

Add values for the rcuCount and wcuCount parameters to the Mappings section of the template. Replace the hard-coded values with calls to the Ref intrinsic function, referencing the new parameters.

76. A global company is developing an application across multiple AWS Regions. The company needs a database solution with low latency in each Region and automatic disaster recovery. The database must be deployed in an active-active configuration with automatic data synchronization between Regions.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LOWEST latency?

Amazon RDS with cross-Region read replicas

Amazon DynamoDB global tables

Amazon Aurora global database

Amazon Athena and Amazon S3 with S3 Cross Region Replication

77. A company is using a Single-AZ Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for development. The DB instance is experiencing slow performance when queries are executed. Amazon CloudWatch metrics indicate that the instance requires more I/O capacity.

Which actions can a database specialist perform to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

Restart the application tool used to execute queries.

Change to a database instance class with higher throughput.

Convert from Single-AZ to Multi-A

Increase the I/O parameter in Amazon RDS Enhanced Monitoring.

Convert from General Purpose to Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS).

78. A company uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance for its customer relationship management (CRM) system. New compliance requirements specify that the database must be encrypted at rest.

Which action will meet these requirements?

Create an encrypted copy of manual snapshot of the DB instance. Restore a new DB instance from the encrypted snapshot.

Modify the DB instance and enable encryption.

Restore a DB instance from the most recent automated snapshot and enable encryption.

Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote the read replica to a standalone instance.

79. A database specialist is designing an enterprise application for a large company. The application uses Amazon DynamoDB with DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX).

The database specialist observes that most of the queries are not found in the DAX cache and that they still require DynamoDB table reads.

What should the database specialist review first to improve the utility of DAX?

The DynamoDB ConsumedReadCapacityUnits metric

The trust relationship to perform the DynamoDB API calls

The DAX cluster's TTL setting

The validity of customer-specified AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys for DAX encryption at rest

80. The Amazon CloudWatch metric for FreeLocalStorage on an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB instance shows that the amount of local storage is below 10 MB. A database engineer must increase the local storage available in the Aurora DB instance.

How should the database engineer meet this requirement?

Modify the DB instance to use an instance class that provides more local SSD storage.

Modify the Aurora DB cluster to enable automatic volume resizing.

Increase the local storage by upgrading the database engine version.

Modify the DB instance and configure the required storage volume in the configuration section.

81. A Database Specialist is designing a disaster recovery strategy for a production Amazon DynamoDB table. The table uses provisioned read/write capacity mode, global secondary indexes, and time to live (TTL). The Database Specialist has restored the latest backup to a new table.

To prepare the new table with identical settings, which steps should be performed? (Choose two.)

Re-create global secondary indexes in the new table

Define IAM policies for access to the new table

Define the TTL settings

Encrypt the table from the AWS Management Console or use the update-table command

Set the provisioned read and write capacity

82. A Database Specialist needs to speed up any failover that might occur on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. The Aurora DB cluster currently includes the primary instance and three Aurora Replicas.

How can the Database Specialist ensure that failovers occur with the least amount of downtime for the application?

Set the TCP keepalive parameters low

Call the AWS CLI failover-db-cluster command

Enable Enhanced Monitoring on the DB cluster

Start a database activity stream on the DB cluster

83. A clothing company uses a custom ecommerce application and a PostgreSQL database to sell clothes to thousands of users from multiple countries. The company is migrating its application and database from its on- premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The company has selected Amazon EC2 for the application and Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL for the database. The company requires database passwords to be changed every 60 days. A Database Specialist needs to ensure that the credentials used by the web application to connect to the database are managed securely.

Which approach should the Database Specialist take to securely manage the database credentials?

Store the credentials in a text file in an Amazon S3 bucket. Restrict permissions on the bucket to the IAM role associated with the instance profile only. Modify the application to download the text file and retrieve the credentials on start up. Update the text file every 60 days.

Configure IAM database authentication for the application to connect to the database. Create an IAM user and map it to a separate database user for each ecommerce user. Require users to update their passwords every 60 days.

Store the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Restrict permissions on the secret to only the IAM role associated with the instance profile. Modify the application to retrieve the credentials from Secrets Manager on start up. Configure the rotation interval to 60 days.

Store the credentials in an encrypted text file in the application AM

Use AWS KMS to store the key for decrypting the text file. Modify the application to decrypt the text file and retrieve the credentials on start up. Update the text file and publish a new AMI every 60 days.

84. A company has an ecommerce web application with an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The marketing team has noticed some unexpected updates to the product and pricing information on the website, which is impacting sales targets. The marketing team wants a database specialist to audit future database activity to help identify how and when the changes are being made.

What should the database specialist do to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Create an RDS event subscription to the audit event type.

Enable auditing of CONNECT and QUERY_DML events.

SSH to the DB instance and review the database logs.

Publish the database logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Enable Enhanced Monitoring on the DB instance.

85. A Database Specialist migrated an existing production MySQL database from on-premises to an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. However, after the migration, the database needed to be encrypted at rest using AWS KMS. Due to the size of the database, reloading, the data into an encrypted database would be too time- consuming, so it is not an option.

How should the Database Specialist satisfy this new requirement?

Create a snapshot of the unencrypted RDS DB instance. Create an encrypted copy of the unencrypted snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot copy.

Modify the RDS DB instance. Enable the AWS KMS encryption option that leverages the AWS CL

Restore an unencrypted snapshot into a MySQL RDS DB instance that is encrypted.

Create an encrypted read replica of the RDS DB instance. Promote it the master.

86. A company has a web-based survey application that uses Amazon DynamoDB. During peak usage, when survey responses are being collected, a Database Specialist sees the ProvisionedThroughputExceededException error.

What can the Database Specialist do to resolve this error? (Choose two.)

Change the table to use Amazon DynamoDB Streams

Purchase DynamoDB reserved capacity in the affected Region

Increase the write capacity units for the specific table

Change the table capacity mode to on-demand

Change the table type to throughput optimized

87. A small startup firm wishes to move a 4 TB MySQL database from on-premises to AWS through an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance.

Which migration approach would result in the LEAST amount of downtime?

Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance, install the MySQL software on the EC2 instance, and configure networking for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create a snapshot of the on-premises MySQL server. Copy the snapshot into an Amazon S3 bucket and import the snapshot into a new RDS for MySQL DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an EC2 instance. Point the application to the DB instance.

Deploy a new RDS for MySQL DB instance and configure it for access from the on-premises data center. Use the mysqldump utility to create an initial snapshot from the on-premises MySQL server, and copy it to an Amazon S3 bucket. Import the snapshot into the DB instance using the MySQL utilities running on an Amazon EC2 instance. Establish replication into the new DB instance using MySQL replication. Stop application access to the on-premises MySQL server and let the remaining transactions replicate over. Point the application to the DB instance.

88. A financial company is running an Amazon Redshift cluster for one of its data warehouse solutions. The company needs to generate connection logs, user logs, and user activity logs. The company also must make these logs available for future analysis.

Which combination of steps should a database specialist take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Edit the database configuration of the cluster by enabling audit logging. Direct the logging to a specified log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Edit the database configuration of the cluster by enabling audit logging. Direct the logging to a specified Amazon S3 bucket

Modify the cluster by enabling continuous delivery of AWS CloudTrail logs to Amazon S3.

Create a new parameter group with the enable_user_activity_logging parameter set to true. Configure the cluster to use the new parameter group.

Modify the system table to enable logging for each user.

89. On a single Amazon RDS DB instance, a business hosts a MySQL database for its ecommerce application. Automatically saving application purchases to the database results in high-volume writes. Employees routinely create purchase reports for the company. The organization wants to boost database performance and minimize downtime associated with upgrade patching.

Which technique will satisfy these criteria with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Enable a Multi-AZ deployment of the RDS for MySQL DB instance, and enable Memcached in the MySQL option group.

Enable a Multi-AZ deployment of the RDS for MySQL DB instance, and set up replication to a MySQL DB instance running on Amazon EC2.

Enable a Multi-AZ deployment of the RDS for MySQL DB instance, and add a read replica.

Add a read replica and promote it to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster master. Then enable Amazon Aurora Serverless.

90. A Database Specialist has migrated an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The schema and the data have been migrated successfully. The on-premises database server was also being used to run database maintenance cron jobs written in Python to perform tasks including data purging and generating data exports. The logs for these jobs show that, most of the time, the jobs completed within 5 minutes, but a few jobs took up to 10 minutes to complete. These maintenance jobs need to be set up for Aurora PostgreSQL.

How can the Database Specialist schedule these jobs so the setup requires minimal maintenance and provides high availability?

Create cron jobs on an Amazon EC2 instance to run the maintenance jobs following the required schedule.

Connect to the Aurora host and create cron jobs to run the maintenance jobs following the required schedule.

Create AWS Lambda functions to run the maintenance jobs and schedule them with Amazon CloudWatch Events.

Create the maintenance job using the Amazon CloudWatch job scheduling plugin.

91. A company's application development team wants to share an automated snapshot of its Amazon RDS database with another team. The database is encrypted with a custom AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key under the "WeShare" AWS account. The application development team needs to share the DB snapshot under the "WeReceive" AWS account.

Which combination of actions must the application development team take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Add access from the "WeReceive" account to the custom AWS KMS key policy of the sharing team.

Make a copy of the DB snapshot, and set the encryption option to disable.

Share the DB snapshot by setting the DB snapshot visibility option to public.

Make a copy of the DB snapshot, and set the encryption option to enable.

Share the DB snapshot by using the default AWS KMS encryption key.

92. A large company has a variety of Amazon DB clusters. Each of these clusters has various configurations that adhere to various requirements. Depending on the team and use case, these configurations can be organized into broader categories.

A database administrator wants to make the process of storing and modifying these parameters more systematic. The database administrator also wants to ensure that changes to individual categories of configurations are automatically applied to all instances when required.

Which AWS service or feature will help automate and achieve this objective?

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store

DB parameter group

AWS Config

AWS Secrets Manager

93. An ecommerce company is using Amazon DynamoDB as the backend for its order-processing application. The

steady increase in the number of orders is resulting in increased DynamoDB costs. Order verification and reporting perform many repeated GetItem functions that pull similar datasets, and this read activity is contributing to the increased costs. The company wants to control these costs without significant development efforts.

How should a Database Specialist address these requirements?

Use AWS DMS to migrate data from DynamoDB to Amazon DocumentDB

Use Amazon DynamoDB Streams and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to push the data into Amazon Redshift

Use an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis in front of DynamoDB to boost read performance

Use DynamoDB Accelerator to offload the reads

94. A major organization maintains a number of Amazon DB clusters. Each of these clusters is configured differently to meet certain needs. These configurations may be classified into wider groups based on the team and use case.

A database administrator wishes to streamline the process of storing and updating these settings. Additionally, the database administrator want to guarantee that changes to certain configuration categories are automatically implemented to all instances as necessary.

Which AWS service or functionality will assist in automating and achieving this goal?

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store

DB parameter group

AWS Config

AWS Secrets Manager

95. A large financial services company requires that all data be encrypted in transit. A Developer is attempting to connect to an Amazon RDS DB instance using the company VPC for the first time with credentials provided by a Database Specialist. Other members of the Development team can connect, but this user is consistently receiving an error indicating a communications link failure. The Developer asked the Database Specialist to reset the password a number of times, but the error persists.

Which step should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

Ensure that the database option group for the RDS DB instance allows ingress from the Developer machine’s IP address

Ensure that the RDS DB instance’s subnet group includes a public subnet to allow the Developer to connect

Ensure that the RDS DB instance has not reached its maximum connections limit

Ensure that the connection is using SSL and is addressing the port where the RDS DB instance is listening for encrypted connections

96. A company is using Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The Security team wants all database connection requests to be logged and retained for 180 days. The RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance is currently using the default parameter group. A Database Specialist has identified that setting the log_connections parameter to 1 will enable connections logging.

Which combination of steps should the Database Specialist take to meet the logging and retention requirements? (Choose two.)

Update the log_connections parameter in the default parameter group

Create a custom parameter group, update the log_connections parameter, and associate the parameter with the DB instance

Enable publishing of database engine logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs and set the event expiration to 180 days

Enable publishing of database engine logs to an Amazon S3 bucket and set the lifecycle policy to 180 days

Connect to the RDS PostgreSQL host and update the log_connections parameter in the postgresql.conf file

97. A business is operating an on-premises application that is divided into three tiers: web, application, and MySQL database. The database is predominantly accessed during business hours, with occasional bursts of activity throughout the day. As part of the company's shift to AWS, a database expert wants to increase the availability and minimize the cost of the MySQL database tier.

Which MySQL database choice satisfies these criteria?

Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ

Amazon Aurora Serverless MySQL cluster

Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster

Amazon RDS for MySQL with read replica

98. A financial services company is developing a shared data service that supports different applications from throughout the company. A Database Specialist designed a solution to leverage Amazon ElastiCache for Redis with cluster mode enabled to enhance performance and scalability. The cluster is configured to listen on port 6379.

Which combination of steps should the Database Specialist take to secure the cache data and protect it from unauthorized access? (Choose three.)

Enable in-transit and at-rest encryption on the ElastiCache cluster.

Ensure that Amazon CloudWatch metrics are configured in the ElastiCache cluster.

Ensure the security group for the ElastiCache cluster allows all inbound traffic from itself and inbound traffic on TCP port 6379 from trusted clients only.

Create an IAM policy to allow the application service roles to access all ElastiCache API actions.

Ensure the security group for the ElastiCache clients authorize inbound TCP port 6379 and port 22 traffic from the trusted ElastiCache cluster’s security group.

Ensure the cluster is created with the auth-token parameter and that the parameter is used in all subsequent commands.

99. A startup company is building a new application to allow users to visualize their on-premises and cloud networking components. The company expects billions of components to be stored and requires responses in milliseconds.

The application should be able to identify:

✑ The networks and routes affected if a particular component fails. ✑ The networks that have redundant routes between them.

✑ The networks that do not have redundant routes between them. ✑ The fastest path between two networks.

Which database engine meets these requirements?

Amazon Aurora MySQL

Amazon Neptune

Amazon ElastiCache for Redis

Amazon DynamoDB

100. A business's mission-critical production workload is being operated on a 500 GB Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. A database engineer must migrate the workload without causing data loss to a new Amazon Aurora Serverless MySQL DB cluster.

Which approach will result in the LEAST amount of downtime and the LEAST amount of application impact?

Modify the existing DB cluster and update the Aurora configuration to Serverless.

Create a snapshot of the existing DB cluster and restore it to a new Aurora Serverless DB cluster.

Create an Aurora Serverless replica from the existing DB cluster and promote it to primary when the replica lag is minimal.

Replicate the data between the existing DB cluster and a new Aurora Serverless DB cluster by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with change data capture (CDC) enabled.

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