CTFL_Foundation Certified Tester – Foundation Level (Syllabus 2011) Dumps

1. Which of the following is NOT a valid objective of testing?

Preventing defects from being introduced into the code

Investigating and fixing defects in the software under test

Gaining confidence that the system is fit-for-purpose

Providing information for stakeholders' decision making

2. During which stage of the fundamental test process is the testability of requirements evaluated?

Test Implementation and Execution

Test Planning and Control

Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting

Test Analysis and Design

3. A new testing tool has been selected for an organization and a pilot project has successfully completed. The next step is to deploy the tool within the organization.

What is a key success factor in tool deployment?

Estimate a cost-benefit ratio based on a firm business case.

Determine whether benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost.

Provide support for the test team using the tool.

Assessment of organizational maturity, strengths and weaknesses.

4. Which of the following represents good testing practice for testers, irrespective of the software lifecycle model used?

They should start test analysis when the corresponding development level is complete.

They should be involved in reviewing requirements or user stories as soon as drafts are available.

They should ensure that the same test objectives apply to each test level.

They should minimize the ratio of development levels to test levels to reduce project costs.

5. А system is being enhanced to simplify screen navigation for users.

Which of the following does NOT reflect structural testing?

To test all paths that users could take through the screen menu system

To ensure that 100% decision testing is achieved for each system component

To test all branches of component calls within the application call graph

To ensure that users can navigate to all fields on the screen

6. Which of the following is a defect that is more likely to be found by a static analysis tool than by other testing techniques?

Omission of a major requirement

Inadequate decision coverage

Component memory leakage

Variables that are not used improperly declared

7. You are examining a document which gives the precise steps needed in order to execute a test.

What is the correct definition of this document?

Test design specification

Test condition

Test procedure specification

Test case specification

8. Which of the following type of defect would NOT be typically found by using a static analysis tool?

A variable is defined but is then not used

A variable is used in a calculation before it is defined

A variable has the wrong numeric value passed into it

A variable is used but not declared

9. Which of the following would NOT be a common metric used for monitoring test preparation and execution?

Number of Test cases passed and failed

Percentage of planned test cases designed

Number of test plan review comments

Percentage of tasks complete in test environment preparation

10. Which of the following would you NOT expect to see on an incident report from test execution?

The version(s) of the software under test

The test execution schedule

Expected results and actual results

Precise steps to reproduce the problem

11. Which of the following would be a good test technique to use when under severe time pressure?

Exploratory testing

Structure based testing

Specification based testing

Use Case testing

12. Which of the following options BEST explain the pesticide paradox principle of testing?

If we do not regularly review and revise our tests, we'll stop finding defects.

Repeatedly running a set of tests will ensure that a system is defect free.

Defects are, paradoxically, often contained in a small number of modules.

Testing, like spraying pesticide, is an effective bug / defect removal activity.

13. During the development of a software change for a system, the developer makes a mistake in his work, which leads to a fault in the code. Unfortunately the fault is not found by software testing and is released into live.

What is the definite consequence of this mistake?

The system will fail, causing a defect.

If the defect is executed, the system may fail.

Loss of money, time, or business reputation.

Contractual requirements have not been met by testing.

14. Which of the following is NOT a valid use of decision coverage?

Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a single program

Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a business process

Checking that all calls from one program module to another have been made correctly

Checking that at least 50% of decisions have been exercised by a test case suite

15. You have been asked to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your company.

Which one of the following is the BEST approach?

Selecting and automating scripts that test new functionality to find the most defects

Using a keyword-driven testing approach to separate the actions and data from the tool’s script

Ensuring that all data, inputs and actions are stored in the tool’s script for ease of maintenance

Keeping expected results separate from the automation tool to allow the testers to check the results

16. Which option BEST describes how the level of risk is determined?

The likelihood of an adverse event happening multiplied by the cost of preventing it

The consequences of a potential problem multiplied by the cost of possible legal action

The impact of an adverse event multiplied by the likelihood of that event occurring

The likelihood and the probability of a hazard occurring

17. Your company is developing a system with complex business rules and many branches in the structure of its code components. You need to choose one black box technique and one white box technique for test case design.

Which one of the following offers the BEST choice?

Statement testing and exploratory testing

Decision testing and equivalence partitioning

Decision testing and decision table testing

Boundary value analysis and decision table testing

18. Which one of the following statements about testing techniques is TRUE?

Exploratory testing can replace black box techniques when testing time is very limited

Test execution scheduling should give priority to experienced based testing

Specification based techniques can be used as a substitute for a poorly defined test basis

Experienced based techniques are systematic and produce detailed test documentation

19. Duration - The duration of operation, in whole minutes, each time it is switched on, ranging from 1 to 60

Applying 2-value boundary value analysis which of the following options has the correct test set of valid and invalid boundary values?

Frequency 1, 5; Duration 1, 60

Frequency 0, 1, 5, 6; Duration 59 seconds, 1 minute, 60 minutes, 60 minutes 1 second

Frequency 0, 1, 5, 6; Duration 0, 1, 60, 61

Frequency 0, 1, 2, 5, 6; Duration 0, 1, 30, 60, 61

20. Which of the following activities is appropriate to the test planning stage?

Analyzing the test basis

Assigning resources for the planned activities

Designing the test environments

Writing a test execution schedule

21. Testing effort can depend on a number of factors, which one of the following is MOST likely to impact the amount of effort required?

The predicted number of defects and the amount of network required

The ratio of developers to testers in the project team

The planned use of a project management tool to schedule tasks

The responsibilities for testers and developers being clearly defined

22. А booking system for a city bus service prices its fares according to the time of travel:

- Peak-time tariff starts at 0600 and finishes at 1000 am

- Off-peak tariff applies during all other times of service

- The bus service does not operate between 2300 and the start of the next day's peak service

Note that all times mentioned are inclusive.

When applying the equivalence partitioning test design technique, which of the following options shows test case inputs that each fall into a different equivalence partition?

0600, 1000, 1200

1001, 1300, 2259

0100, 0800, 2200

2400, 1000, 2301

23. Which of the following is a white-box test technique?

Decision table testing

Exploratory testing

Statement testing

Error guessing

24. Which of the following options describe the causal chain in the correct sequence?

Error, fault, failure

Fault, bug, mistake

Mistake, failure, fault

Failure, bug, error

25. Which of the following would achieve the HIGHEST level of testing independence for a project's system test level?

Training developers to design good tests for the test team to execute

Outsourcing test design and execution to a different company

Having the company's independent test team design and execute the tests

Minimizing contact between testers and developers during test design to avoid bias

26. When can functional and structural testing BOTH be applied?

System and Component test levels only

All 'Development' test levels, i. e. those before Acceptance testing

Component and Component integration test levels only

All test levels

27. Which of the following options explain why it is often beneficial to have an independent test function in an organization?

To improve defect finding during reviews and testing

To ensure that developers adhere to coding standards

To limit communication between developers and testers

To provide better metrics for the stakeholders

28. Debugging and Testing are key activities in the software development lifecycle.

Which of the following are 'Debugging' activities?

A Identifying a failure

B Locating the cause of failure

C Fixing the defect

D Checking the fix has resolved the failure

a & d

a & b

b & c

c & d

29. Which of the following does NOT represent one of the three triggers for maintenance testing an operational system?

Data migration

System retirement

System modification

Introduction of a test management tool

30. А live defect has been found where a code component fails to release memory after it has finished using it.

Which of the following tools would have been the MOST effective at detecting this defect prior to live implementation?

Dynamic analysis tool

Monitoring tool

Configuration management tool

Coverage measurement tool

31. Why is measurement of code coverage important?

Because 100% code coverage implies 100% coverage of requirements

Because 100% code coverage guarantees that there are no coding errors

Because code coverage can be used to ensure that all code is exercised by tests

Because code coverage can ensure that all decisions are correctly implemented in the code

32. When considering the roles of test leader and tester, which of the following tasks would NOT typically be performed by a tester?

Prepare and acquire the test data

Set up and check the test environment

Write test summary reports

Review tests developed by others

33. А system requirement states that up to 100 users should be able to carry out a transaction, with responses returned within 5 seconds.

What type of non-functional testing would you carry out to verify these requirements?

Stress testing

Maintenance testing

Load testing

Usability testing

34. The following Test Cases have been created for a simple web-based airline booking system.

Test Case 1: Search for an item: Available Flights.

Test Case 2: View selected item in My Flights.

Test Case 3: Login to the system: Login is accepted.

Test Case 4: Select an available flight: item added to My Flights.

Test Case 5: Print confirmation receipt, then exit.

Test Case 6: In My Flights, confirm details and book flight.

Which of the following is the correct logical order for the test cases?

6, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5

3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6

3, 2, 1, 4, 6, 5

3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5

35. Which of the following is a Black Box test design technique?

Decision Coverage

Error Guessing

Statement Coverage

Equivalence Partitioning

36. Which of the following errors CANNOT be found with structure-based testing techniques?

Memory is leaking

Features are only partially implemented

Data structures that are used before initialization

Division by zero

37. Which of the following is correct?

Intrusive test tools are that do not exhibit the probe-effect

Testing tools can be used by both developers and testers

Use of testing tools is effective only when done as part of a test automation system

Testing tools allow developers do testing. Use of such tools changes the role of the test team

38. The following sentences refer to the “Standard for Software Test Documentation” specification (IEEE 829).

Which sentence is correct?

The key to high quality test documentation regimes is strict adherence to this standard

Any deviation from this standard should be approves by management, marketing & development

This test plan outline is relevant for military projects. For consumer market projects there is a different specification with fewer items

Most test documentation regimes follow this spec to some degree, with changes done to fit a specific situation or organization

39. A software company adopts the V-model as their development life cycle.

Which of the following contains roles of a tester in this company?

Decide what should be automated, to what degree, and how

Review test plans and set up test environments

Coordinate the test strategy with the project managers

Introduce suitable metrics to measure the testing progress

40. Which of the following is an appropriate reason for maintenance testing?

Bugs found in the field after upgrading the operation system

Bugs found during system testing

Bugs found during unit testing

Bugs found during integration testing

41. Once a bug is fixed, it should be retested.

What is the term used to define this type of testing?

Reliability Testing

Confirmation Testing

Maintainability Testing

Regression Testing

42. What is the difference between system integration testing and acceptance testing?

System integration testing is testing non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing concentrates on the functionality of the system.

System integration testing is executed by the developers. Acceptance testing is done by the customer.

System integration testing verifies that a system interfaces correctly with other systems. Acceptance testing verifies compliance to requirements.

System integration testing verifies compliance to requirements. Acceptance testing verifies correct interaction with other systems existing in the user’s environment.

43. Which of the following is NOT an example of a common test metric?

Percentage of work done in test environment creation

Average number of expected defects per requirement

Number of test cases run

Deviation from test milestone dates

44. Which of the following is NOT a deciding factor in determining the extent of testing required?

Budget to do testing

A particular tester involved in testing

Level of risk of the product or features

Time available to do testing

45. What does the term “Pesticide paradox” refer to?

The phenomena where a piece of code that has a lot of bugs is likely to have more hidden, yet unfound bugs

The decreasing efficiency of debugging when done in code that has many bugs

Reduced effectiveness of test cases that are repeated and focused on the same scenarios

The redundancy of testing the same objects in both black and white box techniques

46. Which of the following test techniques is structure-based?

Control flow testing

Use case testing

State transition testing

Decision table testing

47. Which of the following test types is a part of the V-Model?

Black-box testing

White-box testing

Experience-based testing

Component testing

48. Which of the following statements is correct?

Pair programming is done with developer and tester pairing together

Pair programming is an alternative

Pair programming is used usually in waterfall model

Pair programming is, among other things, an informal review method

49. In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing.

Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?

Complete testing of software is attainable if you have enough resources and test tools

For a software system, it is not possible, under normal conditions, to test all input and output combinations

A goal of testing is to show that the software is defect free

With automated testing you can make statements with more confidence about the quality of a product than with manual testing

50. Which of the following is an example of black-box dynamic testing?

Code inspection

Checking memory leaks for a program by executing it

Functional Testing

Coverage analysis

51. Where and by whom is Beta testing normally performed?

By customers or potential customers at their own locations

By an independent test team at the developing organization’s location

At the developing organization’s site, but not by the developing team

By customers or potential customers at the developing organization’s site

52. Which of the following is NOT an objective of testing?

Finding defects

Providing information for decision-making

Analyzing and removing the cause of failures

Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software

53. Which statement about use case testing is true?

The test cases are designed to find defects in the data flow

The test cases are designed to find defects in the process flow

The test cases are designed to be used by real users, not by professional testers

The test cases are always designed by customers or end users

54. When testing a mission critical system, a high coverage should be achieved.

Which of the following techniques should be implemented as a structural based coverage technique in order to achieve the highest coverage?

multiple condition coverage

decision table

use case testing

statement coverage

55. Which of the following is NOT an example of a typical risk-based testing activity?

The evaluation of a risk-management tools to decide which tool to use for future projects

The focus of testing is shifted to an area in the system where tests find with more defects than expected

Brainstorming sessions are held with a wide variety of stakeholders to identify possible failures in the system

Tests are prioritized to ensure that those associated with critical parts of the system are executed earlier

56. The following program part is given:

IF (condition A)

then DO B

END IF

How many test cases are necessary in order to achieve 100% statement coverage?

1

2

4

a very high number

57. Which of the following tool types is the most useful one for a test manager?

Modeling tool

Static analysis tool

Coverage measurement tool

Defect tracking tool

58. Which of the following is NOT a factor on which test estimation is dependent upon?

Defect debugging and resolution

The outcome of testing of previous test cycle

Characteristics of the development process

Characteristics of the product

59. Which of the following is a task of the “Test Analysis and Design” activity of the test process?

Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared

Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases

Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly

Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning

60. Visitors aged greater than 65 get a 50% discount off the additional fee.

Age should be an integer of 0 or above.

Weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10.

Thursday is a valid input boundary value

A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age

$3.01 is a valid output boundary value

61. Which of the following defect types are LEAST likely to be discovered when using static analysis tools?

Variables that are never used

Coding standard violations

Memory leaks

Uncalled functions and procedures

62. Out of the following, what is not needed to specify in defect report?

How to fix the defect

Severity and priority

Test environment details

How to reproduce the defect

63. Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality

The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects

Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system

Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities

CTFL_Foundation Certified Tester – Foundation Level (Syllabus 2011) Dumps

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