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1. The simplest and most rapid method to produce ATP during exercise is through

2. In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of

3. The energy to perform long-term exercise (> or = 15 min) comes primarily from

4. The energy to perform long-term exercise (> or = 15 min) comes primarily from

5. In a rested, well-fed athlete, most of the carbohydrate used as a substrate during exercise comes from

6. Fast-twitch muscle fibers have which of the following characteristics compared with slow- twitch muscle fibers?

7. The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates are called a

8. The three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during dynamic exercise are

9. Any physical activity with a performance time of approximately 30 seconds or less relies on which of the following energy systems?

10. Which of the following is NOT a muscle type?

11. When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impulse, it responds by contracting one time and then relaxing.

This is called a

12. Which muscle protein contains many cross-bridges?

13. Cardiac muscle action potentials are longer in duration than those of skeletal muscle. The longer action potential does not allow the muscle to

14. Which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT increase as a result of chronic exercise while performing a single bout of maximal exercise?

15. Myocardial oxygen consumption is best estimated from

16. During mild to moderate exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases primarily as a result of increased

17. The anaerobic threshold occurs at the onset of

18. Which of the following statements about static exercise is accurate?

19. Which of the following statements regarding arm versus leg exercise is correct?

20. End-diastolic volume is highest when measured with the client in which position?

21. Which of the following are byproducts of aerobic metabolism?

22. Cardiac output is a function of

23. Which of the following describes a normal postexercise blood pressure (BP) response?

24. Stroke volume is defined as

25. As a result of exercise training, cardiac output becomes

26. During exercise, SV increases as a result of

27. In terms of chronological age, early childhood is usually described as

28. Which age group is the fastest-growing segment of the U. S. population?

29. Increased after load associated with increased peripheral resistance as a result of aging causes

30. An increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise often accompanies aging.

Blood pressure usually increases because of

31. The remains relatively unchanged throughout childhood. However, after age 25, it typically decreases by

32. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. In children, why is heart rate higher at rest and during exercise?

33. The increases as a result of physical training in elderly persons. This occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

34. The total number of muscle fibers is fixed at an early age, but

35. Strenuous exercise can predispose children to which of the following?

36. Vo2max Advancing age brings a progressive decline in bone mineral density and calcium content; this process is accelerated in women immediately following menopause.

Which condition is commonly associated with this condition?

37. All of the following musculoskeletal changes typically occur with advancing age EXCEPT

38. Body fat generally increases with advancing age, particularly between childhood and early adultophood, because of

39. Which of the following factors does NOT impair an older individual's ability to thermoregulate?

40. A medical history as well as risk factor screening are important before prescribing an exercise program for older adults. Individuals with one or more risk factors for exercise participation should be referred.